Haynes Johnson (1931–2013)

The "Bay of Pigs" was the invasion of Cuba sponsored by the CIA and the US government in 1961, during John F. Kennedy's presidency. The goal of the invasion was to overthrow Fidel Castro's "communist" regime and re-establish a government that the US could control. History has judged the invasion as a disaster in every way -- ineptly conceived, badly planned and underfunded, with a small contingent of disaffected Cubans who could not possibly have achieved their military objective. Worst of all, they were implicitly promised US military support by the CIA, support that was never provided. Further, Castro knew the rebels were coming and his troops were waiting for them; and those invaders who weren't killed were captured and imprisoned. The fiasco was a public relations disaster for the US and for the Kennedy administration, and helped set the stage for the Cuban Missile crisis of 1962.

Haynes Johnson's reconstruction of the Bay of Pigs invasion was published in 1964, when the episode was still raw. It drew heavily on first- hand accounts provided by the invaders themselves, who naturally were bitterly resentful of how they had been used. Thus it offers a useful historical perspective that benefits from the immediacy of the events recounted. It was left to later accounts to offer a fuller portrayal of what was behind the invasion. Rather than being planned by low level CIA agents, we now know that the invasion had high level support throughout the US government, in administrations of both Eisenhower and Kennedy. A more complete (and more dispassionate) account can be found in Jim Rasenberger's "The Brilliant Disaster: JFK, Castro, and America's Doomed Invasion of the Bay of Pigs," among other recent sources.… (mer)