Using newly collected and existing data and modern econometric approaches, the book analyses the issue of wage and employment differences between genders and along less explored dimensions such as religion, sexual orientation, and physical appearance. The first part of the book focuses on gender and it analyses, using a newly collected database for Italy, the relevance of transition from school to work, and in particular the choice of college major, in determining the gender earning gap. The second part of the book analyses different forms of discrimination towards individuals in the labour market.