"Information security concerns and regulatory compliance issues mandate appropriate controls on an individual's access to organizational assets and information. As organizations grow, acquire new businesses, and reorganize, managing user identities and their access to information assets becomes increasingly complex. This challenge is further exacerbated by the increasingly collaborative nature of modern business, which requires granting access to organizational assets and information to external entities like business partners, suppliers, joint ventures, and customers. To remain flexible and adaptable, contain costs, and comply with laws and regulations, and thus maintain or enhance its competitive advantage. Initiatives to develop an effective Identity and access management (IAM) capability often suffer from a lack of organizational understanding and broad business support"--