Marc Hauser examines cognitive abilities of animals and their moral sense. He claims that some of the tools for thinking are universal, shared by all animals and humans. The universal toolkit provides animals with a basic capacity to recognize objects, count and navigate. According to Hauser, animals are not equipped with language, self awareness, higher emotions or moral instincts. Whereas by and large I find his conclusions sound, I am somewhat disappointed by the narrowness of the interpretation of the results of his experiments.
The book does not answer the question it poses: What Do Animals Really Think?, or rather answers it with certainty that we will never know… ( )

Marc Hauser looks at a variey of animals using the concept of 'mental toolkits' In the first part of the book he posits that all animals have similar environmental problems to solve: recognising objects and predicting their behaviour, working with numbers and navigation. In the second half of the book he examines the higher mental functions: self awareness, learning, deception, communication and morality. Hauser is an advocate of the scientific method trying to discover the proven facts behind the anecdotal evidence.
Thid book relates a number of scientific experiments but is both accessible and interesting. ( )