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The Origin of Satan: How Christians…
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The Origin of Satan: How Christians Demonized Jews, Pagans, and Heretics (urspr publ 1995; utgåvan 1996)

av Elaine Pagels

MedlemmarRecensionerPopularitetGenomsnittligt betygOmnämnanden
2,168227,281 (3.71)17
Who is Satan in the New Testament, and what is the evil that he represents? In this groundbreaking book, Elaine Pagels, Princeton's distinguished historian of religion, traces the evolution of Satan from its origins in the Hebrew Bible, where Satan is at first merely obstructive, to the New Testament, where Satan becomes the Prince of Darkness, the bitter enemy of God and man, evil incarnate. In The Origin of Satan, Pagels shows that the four Christian gospels tell two very different stories. The first is the story of Jesus' moral genius: his lessons of love, forgiveness, and redemption. The second tells of the bitter conflict between the followers of Jesus and their fellow Jews, a conflict in which the writers of the four gospels condemned as creatures of Satan those Jews who refused to worship Jesus as the Messiah. Writing during and just after the Jewish war against Rome, the evangelists invoked Satan to portray their Jewish enemies as God's enemies too. As Pagels then shows, the church later turned this satanic indictment against its Roman enemies, declaring that pagans and infidels were also creatures of Satan, and against its own dissenters, calling them heretics and ascribing their heterodox views to satanic influences.… (mer)
Medlem:Bill-once
Titel:The Origin of Satan: How Christians Demonized Jews, Pagans, and Heretics
Författare:Elaine Pagels
Info:Vintage (1996), Paperback, 240 pages
Samlingar:Spirituality, Ditt bibliotek
Betyg:****
Taggar:Ingen/inga

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The Origin of Satan: How Christians Demonized Jews, Pagans, and Heretics av Elaine Pagels (1995)

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The author traces the evolution of Satan from its origins in the Hebrew Bible, where Satan is at first merely obstructive, to the New Testament, where Satan becomes the Prince of darkness, the bitter enemy of God and man, evil incarnate.
  PendleHillLibrary | Aug 22, 2023 |
how Jewish apocolyptic thought led to branding of opponants as agents of Satan
  ritaer | Jun 27, 2021 |
Who is Satan in the New Testament, and what is the evil that he represents? The author traces the evolution of Satan from its origins in the Hebrew Bible, where Satan is at first merely obstructive, to the New Testament, where Satan becomes the Prince of Darkness. Pagels shows that the gospels tell two very different stories. The first is the story of Jesus' moral genius: his lessons of love, forgiveness, and redemption. The second tells of the bitter conflict between the followers of Jesus and their fellow Jews. The evangelists invoked Satan to portray their Jewish enemies as God's enemies too. The church later turned this satanic indictment against its Roman enemies, declaring that pagans and infidels were also creatures of Satan, and against its own dissenters, calling them heretics and ascribing their heterodox views to satanic influences.
1 rösta PAFM | Oct 20, 2020 |
Elaine Pagels' Origin of Satan has surprisingly little to say about Satan as such. She notes in her introduction that she doesn't intend to enter the crowded field of existing scholarship regarding the cultural, symbolic, literary and psychological genealogies of Satan (xviii). Her ambition instead is to examine the social motives and consequences of the Satan figure in the formation of ideas in early Christianity and related movements. The way she pursues this goal is by using Satan's appearance in Hebrew apocalypses and apocrypha, Christian gospels, and patriarchal writings as an index of enmity. The identification of Satan with particular figures in these literatures allows Pagels to trace the self-definition of Christianity by its opposition to Jews, pagans, and heretics.

She starts with the context of the imperial war in Palestine at the start of the Christian era, highlighting the objectively surprising fact that the Romans do not appear as the chief villains in the Gospel of Mark. Her interpretive work on the four canonical gospels accounts for about half of the book, and serves to adumbrate the development of Christian identities within, against, and in lieu of Judaism. Naturally, these same scriptural facts account for the intractability of anti-Semitism in subsequent Christian history.

Pagels writes of the four gospels that "everyone who interprets the texts has to sort out the tradition to some extent, and to reconstruct, however provisionally, what may have happened, and correspondingly, what each evangelist added, and for what reasons" (94). She's wrong here. It's not at all necessary to identify a factual model when interpreting and evaluating parallel (or reiterated) narratives. Pagels is obviously comfortable with the notion that the Christian Satan is a product of mythopoeia. Why wouldn't this be the case of his opponent Jesus, who is defined within the same literature--and who, in the earliest texts, appears just as vaporous and metaphysical as Satan or the Essene Prince of Light? Pagels is quite evidently a Liberal Christian, who needs a "real Jesus" to buttress her interpretations, and she demonstrates this shortcoming in the conclusion of the book, where she invokes this character as a teacher of reconciliation and an explicit and overriding alternative to a champion in the fight against evil powers.

The sections of the book that I found most rewarding were the chapters on paganism and Gnosticism. Despite my familiarity with the subject matter, there were any number of new details and realizations prompted by viewing the material through this lens. These two sets of enemies are the stigmata of key developments in Christianity: the shift from radicalism to establishment and the formation of orthodoxy. The account of Tertullian's promotion of mental heat death is as mortifying as the picture of Valentinian heresiarchy is inspiring.

The Origin of Satan is a short book in a popular style (albeit with scholarly end-notes and references to more academic works). I enjoyed it, but I learned less from it than I had from the author's earlier work Adam, Eve, and the Serpent. Both books have similar scopes and concerns in the effort to relate early Christian teachings to social problems at a profound historical level. Considering how quickly they read, they are both worth the bother.
5 rösta paradoxosalpha | Aug 3, 2020 |
THE ORIGIN OF SATAN:HOW CHRISTIANS DEMONIZED JEWS, PAGANS ,AND HERETICS

La lúcida historia de Elaine Pagels sobre la construcción social de Satanás no es solo una gran cantidad de información histórica, sino también una fuente de ideas importantes sobre la demonización de los "enemigos íntimos" que ha marcado la historia del cristianismo. Pagels escribe que ella comenzó con la suposición de que el discurso cristiano sobre los seres invisibles, incluyendo a Satanás y otros ángeles, tenía como propósito principal lo que Martin Buber llamó la "moralización" del universo natural.

Descubrió que tenía mucho más que ver con las relaciones sociales entre personas particulares, y ese descubrimiento informa todo el libro. Ella rastrea el desarrollo de Satanás en la comunidad judía desde una especie de agente itinerante que actúa en nombre de Dios -siempre obstruyendo, pero no siempre mal- a una fuerza cada vez más malvada identificada cada vez más con enemigos íntimos, miembros de la propia comunidad con quien uno está en conflicto. Esa tendencia hacia la demonización de partes de la comunidad judía se intensificó con el surgimiento del cristianismo y se convirtió en la base para la demonización de los herejes y siglos de antisemitismo. Este es un libro informativo, bellamente escrito, una excelente ilustración de cómo una investigación histórica cuidadosa puede iluminar cuestiones de interés histórico más que pasajero.
  FundacionRosacruz | Jan 6, 2018 |
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Elaine Pagelsprimär författarealla utgåvorberäknat
GiottoOmslagmedförfattarevissa utgåvorbekräftat
Kushnir, OksanaFormgivaremedförfattarevissa utgåvorbekräftat
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Introduction
In 1988, when my husband of twenty years died in a hiking accident, I became aware that, like many people who grieve, I was living in the presence of an invisible being—living, that is, with a vivid sense of someone who had died.
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In 66 C.E., a rebellion against Rome broke out among the Jews of Palestine.
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Wikipedia på engelska (1)

Who is Satan in the New Testament, and what is the evil that he represents? In this groundbreaking book, Elaine Pagels, Princeton's distinguished historian of religion, traces the evolution of Satan from its origins in the Hebrew Bible, where Satan is at first merely obstructive, to the New Testament, where Satan becomes the Prince of Darkness, the bitter enemy of God and man, evil incarnate. In The Origin of Satan, Pagels shows that the four Christian gospels tell two very different stories. The first is the story of Jesus' moral genius: his lessons of love, forgiveness, and redemption. The second tells of the bitter conflict between the followers of Jesus and their fellow Jews, a conflict in which the writers of the four gospels condemned as creatures of Satan those Jews who refused to worship Jesus as the Messiah. Writing during and just after the Jewish war against Rome, the evangelists invoked Satan to portray their Jewish enemies as God's enemies too. As Pagels then shows, the church later turned this satanic indictment against its Roman enemies, declaring that pagans and infidels were also creatures of Satan, and against its own dissenters, calling them heretics and ascribing their heterodox views to satanic influences.

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