How do we explain the fact that certain ideas, at certain moments in time, can have earthshaking effects? Or that some cultures have left an indelible mark while others have not? Why did Jesus, rather than Mani the Mesopotamian, take hold among masses of people? Why did Karl Marx instead of Pierre Proudhon leave his mark on the century? Behind these questions lies the matter of the human need to conserve, hand down, and transmit cultural meanings. Transmitting Culture examines the difference between communication and transmission and argues that ideas and their legacies should be rethought not in terms of communication from sender to receiver but of mediation by the vectors and messengers of meaning. Transmitting Culture stresses the technologies and institutions long overlooked by philosophy and the human sciences in the study of symbols and signs throughout the history of civilizations.