The Imperial Japanese Army was a legend in its own time. To the defenders of Singapore and Bataan, its soldiers were demonic supermen. The willingness of Japan consistently to fight to the last man remains a benchmark of courage today. Yet these heroes of Saipan and Iwo Jima were also capable of unparalleled bestiality -- the rape of Nanking, the use of slave labor on the Burma-Siam Railway, gross neglect and brutalization of prisoners-of-war, and a ruthless counterinsurgency campaign against Mao's communists. In attempting to resolve that paradox, the authors have traced the origins of the Imperial Army back to its samurai roots in nineteenth-century Japan to tell the story of the rise and fall of this extraordinary military force. They describe the command structure, the strategies, weaponry, and training, the brutality, that pervaded the daily lives of the men, and the slow deterioration of the officer corps. Drawing on Japanese, English, French, and American sources, the authors penetrate the lingering haze of wartime enmity and propaganda to lay bare the true character of the Imperial Army as it evolved, shedding light on the processes that have shaped Japan and Asia as they exist today.